MacIntosh Forts: Between 1949 and 1953, a massive influx of illegal immigrants entered Hong Kong by land, exerting great pressure on border security. To strengthen border defense and safeguard the police officers stationed in the Frontier Closed Area, the then Police Commissioner, Duncan MacIntosh, constructed seven observation posts (later known as MacIntosh Forts) along the border. Among them, the forts at Mine Peak and Pak Kung Au are located within Robin’s Nest Country Park, sitting at the highest altitudes of all the forts. The design of the seven forts is almost identical. At the center of each fort stands a two-story watchtower, flanked by two lower wings with rooftop platforms, allowing officers to defend from behind parapet walls. The control room on the upper floor of the watchtower offers all-round visibility and was equipped with telephones and radios for external communication. In 2009, these seven MacIntosh Forts were classified as Grade 2 Historic Buildings.
